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Reliability

Tesla

Tesla Model S / Model X pack (2021-2025 refresh)

Lithium-ion (cathode not published) cells · 105 kWh · used in 3 model variants.

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Pack reference

Lithium-ion (cathode not published) · 410 volts and 256 Ah as declared to EPA for 2021-2024 (239 Ah for 2025); 537 kg
About the pack
Capacity
105 kWh
as published
Fast charge
250 kW
peak
Warranty floor
70%
capacity floor at 8 yr / 150k mi

Pack overview

ChemistryLithium-ion (cathode not published)
Cell supplierNot published
Cell formatNot published
Voltage (nominal)410 V
CoolingLiquid
Architecture410 volts and 256 Ah as declared to EPA for 2021-2024 (239 Ah for 2025); 537 kg
Warranty 8 yr / 150k mi
Capacity floor70%

Known issues

Low
Tesla publishes no capacity for the refreshed Model S and Model X. Its EPA filings declare 410 volts and 256 amp-hours, and in full-discharge tests the cars delivered between 97.5 and 100 kWh. The declaration for 2025 drops to 239 amp-hours with the same test cars carried over.
Manufacturer
Low
Tesla lists the same 537 kg battery at 410 volts for the Model S Long Range, Model S Plaid and Model X Long Range in its California certification data.
Manufacturer
Low
Tesla's warranty covers the battery for 8 years or 150,000 miles with at least 70% capacity retention.
OEM warranty
Low
Tesla listed a 250 kW peak Supercharging rate for both the Long Range and the Plaid when the refreshed Model S launched, and said a new module and pack thermal design allowed faster charging.
Manufacturer spec

How this pack ages (industry context)

Industry fleet aggregates: 2.3% average annual capacity loss across 22,700 EVs / 21 models (Geotab, 2026), and 95% range retention at 5 years on average across 30,000+ vehicles (Recurrent, 2026).

OEM warranty floor on this pack: 8 yr / 150k mi to 70% capacity.

Public per-pack degradation curves are not available for most models. Individual results vary materially with climate, charging behavior, and DC fast-charge frequency.

Vehicles using this pack

Tesla Model S
2021-2025 · Long Range (dual motor) and Plaid, refreshed car
312-410 miEPA range
93-124MPGe
11.5kW · AC charger
YesHeat pump
Full reliability page →
Tesla Model X
2021-2021 · Long Range, refreshed car (certified September 2021)
300-371 miEPA range
86-105MPGe
11.5kW · AC charger
Full reliability page →
Tesla Model X
2022-2025 · Model X (dual motor) and Plaid
294-348 miEPA range
88-102MPGe
11.5kW · AC charger
Full reliability page →

Frequently Asked Questions

What chemistry is the Tesla Model S / Model X pack (2021-2025 refresh)?

The Tesla Model S / Model X pack (2021-2025 refresh) uses Lithium-ion (cathode not published) chemistry. Tesla has not named a cell supplier for this pack. Cell format has not been disclosed. Pack architecture: 410 volts and 256 Ah as declared to EPA for 2021-2024 (239 Ah for 2025); 537 kg.

What is the warranty on this pack?

8 years or 150,000 miles, with capacity coverage to 70% of original. Specific terms vary by year and trim; check the manufacturer's warranty booklet for the exact vehicle.

How much does this pack degrade over time?

Industry-wide fleet aggregates show roughly 2.3% average annual capacity loss across 22,700 EVs (Geotab, 2026), with about 95% range retention at five years on average across Recurrent's 30,000+ vehicle fleet (2026). Public per-pack degradation curves are not available for most models. The Tesla Model S / Model X pack (2021-2025 refresh) battery warranty runs 8 years / 150,000 miles to a 70% capacity floor, which is the OEM-guaranteed minimum within that period. Individual results vary with climate, charging habits, and DC fast-charging frequency.

Which vehicles use the Tesla Model S / Model X pack (2021-2025 refresh)?

Tesla Model S 2021-2025 (Long Range (dual motor) and Plaid, refreshed car); Tesla Model X 2021-2021 (Long Range, refreshed car (certified September 2021)); Tesla Model X 2022-2025 (Model X (dual motor) and Plaid).

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