Tesla

Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017)

NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) cells from Panasonic · 90 kWh · used in 2 model variants.

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Pack reference

NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) · Panasonic · Panasonic 18650 cells in liquid-cooled modules

About the pack

Capacity

90 kWh

as published

Fast charge

—

limited data

Warranty floor

—

8 yr; mileage terms vary

Pack overview

ChemistryNCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum)

Cell supplierPanasonic

Cell format18650 cylindrical

CoolingLiquid (ethylene glycol and water)

ArchitecturePanasonic 18650 cells in liquid-cooled modules

Warranty 8 yr; mileage terms in the notes below

Known issues

Medium

Tesla's February 2016 Model S warranty covers the battery for 8 years with unlimited miles, except the 60 kWh battery. It carried no capacity guarantee.

OEM warranty

Medium

NHTSA reviewed a petition over battery software updates on 2012-2016 Model S cars and denied it in September 2021 (DP19-005). Tesla had installed firmware that can limit maximum battery voltage on cars with heavy Supercharging histories, and it had been enabled on about 2,062 of 61,781 cars by August 2021. NHTSA counted 59 complaints of reduced capacity or charging speed and said later updates restored some or all of the capacity.

NHTSA investigation

Low

Tesla confirmed in 2017 that it lowers the peak DC charging rate on packs with a very large number of fast-charging sessions.

News

How this pack ages (industry context)

Industry fleet aggregates: 2.3% average annual capacity loss across 22,700 EVs / 21 models (Geotab, 2026), and 95% range retention at 5 years on average across 30,000+ vehicles (Recurrent, 2026).

OEM warranty on this pack: 8 yr, with mileage and capacity terms that depend on the pack and on when the car was bought. See the notes on this page.

Public per-pack degradation curves are not available for most models. Individual results vary materially with climate, charging behavior, and DC fast-charge frequency.

Vehicles using this pack

Tesla Model S

2015-2017 · Model S 90, 90D and P90D

208-335 miEPA range

89-104MPGe

Full reliability page →

Tesla Model X

2016-2017 · Model X 90D and P90D

200-295 miEPA range

86-93MPGe

Full reliability page →

Pack family

Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017) is part of the tesla-sx-legacy family. Related packs:

Tesla Model S 60 kWh pack (2013-2015) · NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) · 60 kWh
Tesla Model S 70 kWh pack (2015-2016) · NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) · 70 kWh
Tesla Model S / Model X 75 kWh pack (2016-2019) · NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) · 75 kWh
Tesla Model S 85 kWh pack (2012-2016) · NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) · 85 kWh
Tesla Model S / Model X 100 kWh pack (2016-2020) · NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) · 100 kWh

Frequently Asked Questions

What chemistry is the Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017)?

The Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017) uses NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) chemistry. Cells are supplied by Panasonic. Cell format: 18650 cylindrical. Pack architecture: Panasonic 18650 cells in liquid-cooled modules.

What is the warranty on this pack?

This database has no confirmed battery warranty terms for the Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017). Most US-market EVs carry 8 years / 100,000 miles, but check the manufacturer's warranty booklet for this vehicle before relying on that.

How much does this pack degrade over time?

Industry-wide fleet aggregates show roughly 2.3% average annual capacity loss across 22,700 EVs (Geotab, 2026), with about 95% range retention at five years on average across Recurrent's 30,000+ vehicle fleet (2026). Public per-pack degradation curves are not available for most models, and this database has no confirmed warranty floor for the Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017).

Which vehicles use the Tesla Model S / Model X 90 kWh pack (2015-2017)?

Tesla Model S 2015-2017 (Model S 90, 90D and P90D); Tesla Model X 2016-2017 (Model X 90D and P90D).